melanotan solarium II: Tanning injections, nasal sprays harmful to health Schematic representation of different

Schematic representation of different pathways related to penile... | Download Scientific Diagram

Tuck KL, Saldanha SA, Birch LM, Smith AG, Abell C

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The death of AECs not only compromises the alveolar barrier, resulting in alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange, but also promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cellular debris, which further activate alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts, exacerbating local inflammation and fibrotic remodeling ( Mitochondrial injury directly impairs the function of alveolar epithelial cells, thereby triggering local inflammatory responses and promoting fibroblast activation driven by TGF-β, a process that plays a critical role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (Wu et al., 2024a)